Commentary
State Capacity
Feedback Loops
July 23, 2025

Legislative guide

Amanda Patarino

Downloadable PDFs

The Niskanen Center’s State Capacity Initiative works to ensure that government not only sets smart policy but also delivers on it. Even the best-designed policies can stumble in execution. Meeting today’s complex and urgent challenges requires reimagining the structures and processes that underpin how government works.

Niskanen believes that better legislation is critical to achieving this goal. With that in mind, to design this legislative guide, we collaborated with policy experts, Congressional staffers, and agency staff responsible for implementing policy. 

In true “test and learn” fashion, this guide will evolve. Your feedback helps us refine–please let us know what works, what doesn’t, and what is missing so that we can continue learning, codifying, and building.

This guide was developed to help Congress address policy implementation and delivery challenges described in the A state capacity agenda for 2025 and beyond report. This comprehensive analysis spotlights the dysfunctions that well-intended policies often face when the time comes to actually implement them, including the lack of a feedback loop between policy creators and implementers.

Additional resources